Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification 2006

The Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Division includes units mainly engaged in growing crops, raising animals, growing and harvesting timber, and harvesting fish and other animals from farms or their natural habitats. The division makes a distinction between two basic activities: production and support services to production. Included as production activities are horticulture, livestock production, aquaculture, forestry and logging, and fishing, hunting and trapping. The term 'agriculture' is used broadly to refer to both the growing and cultivation of horticultural and other crops (excluding forestry), and the controlled breeding, raising or farming of animals (excluding aquaculture). Aquacultural activities include the controlled breeding, raising or farming of fish, molluscs and crustaceans. Forestry and logging activities include growing, maintaining and harvesting forests, as well as gathering forest products. Fishing, hunting and trapping includes gathering or catching marine life such as fish or shellfish, or other animals, from their uncontrolled natural environments in water or on land. Also included in the division are units engaged in providing support services to the units engaged in production activities.

The Mining Division includes units that mainly extract naturally occurring mineral solids, such as coal and ores; liquid minerals, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. The term mining is used in the broad sense to include underground or open cut mining; dredging; quarrying; well operations or evaporation pans; recovery from ore dumps or tailings as well as beneficiation activities (i.e. preparing, including crushing, screening, washing and flotation) and other preparation work customarily performed at the mine site, or as a part of mining activity. The Mining Division distinguishes two basic activities: mine operation and mining support activities. Mine operation includes units operating mines, quarries, or oil and gas wells on their own account, or for others on a contract or fee basis, as well as mining sites under development. Mining support activities include units that perform mining services on a contract or fee basis, and exploration (except geophysical surveying). Units in the Mining Division are grouped and classified according to the natural resource mined or to be mined. Industries include units that extract natural resources, and/or those that beneficiate the mineral mined. Beneficiation is the process whereby the extracted material is reduced to particles that can be separated into mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. The operations that take place in beneficiation are primarily mechanical, such as grinding, washing and magnetic separation, and centrifugal separation. In contrast, manufacturing operations primarily use chemical and electro-chemical processes, such as electrolysis and distillation. The products produced by units classified to the Mining Division involve the minimum amount of processing to produce a marketable product. The Mining Division excludes units mainly engaged in refining or smelting of minerals or ores (other than preliminary smelting of gold), or in the manufacture of such products of mineral origin as coke or cement. These units are classified to the Manufacturing Division.

The Manufacturing Division includes units mainly engaged in the physical or chemical transformation of materials, substances or components into new products (except agriculture and construction). The materials, substances or components transformed by units in this division are raw materials that are products of agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining, or products of other manufacturing units. Units in the Manufacturing Division are often described as plants, factories or mills and characteristically use power-driven machines and other materials-handling equipment. However, units that transform materials, substances or components into new products by hand, or in the unit's home, are also included. Activities undertaken by units incidental to their manufacturing activity, such as selling directly to the consumer products manufactured on the same premises from which they are sold, such as bakeries and custom tailors, are also included in the division. If, in addition to self-produced products, other products that are not manufactured by the same unit are also sold, the rules for the treatment of mixed activities have to be applied and units classified according to their predominant activity. Assembly of the component parts of manufactured products, either self-produced or purchased from other units, is considered manufacturing. For example, assembly of self-manufactured prefabricated components at a construction site is considered manufacturing, as the assembly is incidental to the manufacturing activity. Conversely, when undertaken as a primary activity, the on-site assembly of components manufactured by others is considered to be construction. The boundaries between the Manufacturing Division and other divisions in ANZSIC can sometimes be unclear. The units in the Manufacturing Division are engaged in the transformation of materials into new products. Their output is a new product. However, the definition of what constitutes a 'new product' can be somewhat subjective. As clarification, the following activities are examples of manufacturing activities included in the Manufacturing Division in ANZSIC 2006: - Milk bottling and pasteurising; - Both processing and canning or bottling; - Fresh fish packaging (including oyster shucking, fish filleting); - Printing and related support activities; - Ready-mixed concrete production; - Leather tanning and dressing; - Grinding of lenses to prescription; - Wood preserving and treatment; - Electroplating, plating, metal heat treating, and polishing; - Fabricating signs and advertising displays; - Tyre retreading; - Ship, boat, railway rolling stock and aircraft repair and maintenance; and - Substantial alteration, renovation or reconstruction of goods such as transport equipment. There are some other activities that are often considered 'manufacturing', but for ANZSIC, these are classified in another division. These activities include: •Logging and production of crops or livestock (included in the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Division); - Construction of structures and fabricating operations performed at the site of construction by contractors (included in the Construction Division); - Publishing and the combined activity of publishing and printing (included in the Information Media and Communications Division); and - Beneficiation (included in the Mining Division). The subdivisions in the Manufacturing Division generally reflect distinct production processes related to material inputs, production equipment and employee skills.

**Exclusions/References:** - Units mainly engaged in - (a) treating natural gas to produce purified natural gas or liquefied hydrocarbon gases, or operating natural gas absorption or separation plants, are included in Class 0700 Oil and Gas Extraction; - (b) manufacturing liquefied petroleum gas in conjunction with petroleum refining are included in Class 1701 Petroleum Refining and Petroleum Fuel Manufacturing; - (c) construction, repair or maintenance of gas mains are included in Class 3109 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction; - (d) wholesaling liquefied petroleum gas in bottles or bulk (except through a mains system) are included in Class 3321 Petroleum Product Wholesaling; and - (e) operating pipelines for the transportation of gas are included in Class 5021 Pipeline Transport. **Primary Activities:** - Coal gas distribution through mains system - Fuel gas distribution through mains system - Liquefied petroleum gas distribution through mains system - Liquefied petroleum gas reforming for distribution through mains system - Natural gas distribution through mains system

**Exclusions/References:** - Units mainly engaged in - (a) off-site production of prefabricated metal buildings or metal building components are included in the appropriate classes of Group 222 Structural Metal Product Manufacturing; - (b) providing special trade repair services such as electrical or plumbing repairs are included in the appropriate classes of Group 323 Building Installation Services; and - (c) providing architectural or building consultancy services are included in the appropriate classes of Group 692 Architectural, Engineering and Technical Services. **Primary Activities:** - Commercial building construction - Industrial building construction - Office building construction - Prefabricated non-residential building assembly, erection or installation on-site (except - sheds, garages or carports) - Prefabricated temperature controlled structures installation - Renovation or alteration of non-residential buildings

The Wholesale Trade Division includes units mainly engaged in the purchase and onselling, the commission-based buying, and/or the commission-based selling of goods, without significant transformation, to businesses. Units are classified to the Wholesale Trade Division in the first instance if they buy finished goods and then onsell them (including on a commission basis) to businesses. Wholesalers' premises are usually a warehouse or office with little or no display of goods large storage facilities and are not generally located or designed to attract a high proportion of walk-in customers. Wholesaling is often characterised by high value and/or bulk volume transactions, and customers are generally reached through trade-specific contacts. The Wholesale Trade Division distinguishes two types of wholesalers: - merchant wholesalers who take title to the goods they sell, including import/export merchants; and - units whose main activity is the commission based buying and/or the commission based selling of goods, acting as wholesale agents or brokers, or business to business electronic markets, both of whom arrange the sale of goods on behalf of others for a commission or fee without taking title to the goods. A unit which sells to both businesses and the general public will be classified to the Wholesale Trade Division if it operates from premises such as warehouses or offices with little or no display of goods, has large storage facilities, and is not generally located or designed to attract a high proportion of walk-in customers. For units that have goods manufactured for them on commission and then sell those goods, the following treatment guidelines are to be followed: - units that own the material inputs, own the final outputs but have the production done by others will be included in the Manufacturing Division; - units that do not own the material inputs, own the final outputs but have the production done by others will not be included in the Manufacturing Division (these may be included in wholesale trade or other divisions); and - units that do not own the material inputs, do not own the final outputs but undertake the production for others will be included in the Manufacturing Division. As a result, units that have goods manufactured for them on commission will be included in the Wholesale Trade Division where they do not own the material inputs to the manufacturing process, but take title to the outputs and sell them in the manner prescribed above for typical wholesaling units.

The Retail Trade Division includes units mainly engaged in the purchase and/or onselling, the commission-based buying, and the commission-based selling of goods, without significant transformation, to the general public. The Retail Trade Division also includes units that purchase and onsell goods to the general public using non-traditional means, including the internet. Units are classified to the Retail Trade Division in the first instance if they buy finished goods and then onsell them (including on a commission basis) to the general public. Retail units generally operate from premises located and designed to attract a high volume of walk-in customers, have an extensive display of goods, and/or use mass media advertising designed to attract customers. The display and advertising of goods may be physical or electronic. Physical display and advertising includes shops, printed catalogues, billboards and print advertisements. Electronic display and advertising includes catalogues, internet websites, television and radio advertisements and infomercials. While non-store retailers, by definition, do not posses the physical characteristics of traditional retail units with a physical shop-front location, these units share the requisite function of the purchasing and onselling of goods to the general public, and are therefore included in this division. A unit which sells to both businesses and the general public will be classified to the Retail Trade Division if it operates from shop-front premises, arranges and displays stock to attract a high proportion of walk-in customers and utilises mass media advertising to attract customers. The buying of goods for resale to the general public is a characteristic of Retail Trade units that distinguishes them from units in the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Manufacturing; and Construction industries. For example, farms that sell their products, at or from, the point of production are not classified in Retail Trade, but rather in Agriculture as the production of agricultural output are these units primary activity. Units in all these industries provide their output to the market for sale. Similarly, units that both manufacture and sell their products to the general public are not classified in Retail Trade, but rather in Manufacturing. Wholesale units also engage in the buying of goods for resale, but typically operate from a warehouse or office and neither the design nor the location of these premises is intended to solicit a high volume of walk-in traffic. In general, wholesale units have large storage facilities and small display area, while the reverse is true for retail units. Units in Retail often undertake non-retail secondary activities, such as watch and jewellery stores, that undertake repairs of these goods as well as retailing new items. However, units whose primary activity is the provision of repair and maintenance services are excluded from this division, and are classified to the Other Services Division.

**Exclusions/References:** - Units mainly engaged in - (a) renting or leasing (including sub-leasing) residential properties or dwellings are included in Class 6711 Residential Property Operators; and - (b) providing residential caravan accommodation are included in Class 6711 Residential Property Operators. **Primary Activities:** - Camping ground operation - Caravan park operation (visitor) - Holiday house and flat operation - Hotel operation - Motel operation - Resort operation - Serviced apartments - Ski-lodge operation - Student residence operation (except boarding schools) - Youth hostel operation

The Transport, Postal and Warehousing Division includes units mainly engaged in providing transportation of passengers and freight by road, rail, water or air. Other transportation activities such as postal services, pipeline transport and scenic and sightseeing transport are included in this division. Units mainly engaged in providing goods warehousing and storage activities are also included. The division also includes units mainly engaged in providing support services for the transportation of passengers and freight. These activities include stevedoring services, harbour services, navigation services, airport operations and customs agency services.

The Information Media and Telecommunications Division includes units mainly engaged in: - creating, enhancing and storing information products in media that allows for their dissemination; - transmitting information products using analogue and digital signals (via electronic, wireless, optical and other means); - and providing transmission services and/or operating the infrastructure to enable the transmission and storage of information and information products. Information products are defined as those which are not necessarily tangible, and, unlike traditional goods, are not associated with a particular form. The value of the information products is embedded in their content rather than in the format in which they are distributed. For example, a movie can be screened at a cinema, telecast on television or copied to video for sale or rental. The division includes some activities that primarily create, enhance and disseminate information products, subject to copyright. It is the intangible nature of the information products which determines their unique dissemination process, which may include via a broadcast, electronic means, or physical form. They do not usually require direct contact between the supplier/producer and the consumer, which distinguishes them from distribution activities included in the Wholesale Trade and Retail Trade Divisions. Excluded from the division are units mainly engaged in: - the mass storage or duplication of information products such as printing newspapers, CDs, DVDs, etc. (Manufacturing Division); - purchasing and on-selling information products in their tangible form (Wholesale Trade and Retail Trade Divisions); - providing specialised computer services such as programming and systems design services, graphic design services and advertising services, as well as gathering, tabulating and presenting marketing and opinion data (Professional, Scientific and Technical Services Division); - providing a range of creative artistic activities such as the creation of an artistic original (e.g. a painting), or the provision of a live musical performance by a group or artist (Arts and Recreation Services Division); and units undertaking a range of activities such as directing, acting, writing and performing (Arts and Recreation Services Division).

**Exclusions/References:** - Units mainly engaged in - (a) trading in financial assets on behalf of others (e.g. stock broking) and related activities are included in Class 6411 Financial Asset Broking Services; and - (b) providing nominee or trustee services are included in Class 6419 Other Auxiliary Finance and Investment Services. **Primary Activities:** - Actuarial service - Claim adjustment service - Claim assessment service - Insurance agency service - Insurance broking service - Insurance consultant service

**Exclusions/References:** - Units mainly engaged in - (a) providing title transfer or conveyancing service are included in Class 6931 Legal Services; and - (b) providing engineering or structural property and house inspections are included in Class 6923 Engineering Design and Engineering Consulting Services. **Primary Activities:** - Broking service (real estate) - Real estate agency service - Real estate auctioning service - Real estate management service - Real estate rental agency service - Time share apartment management service - Valuing service (real estate)

- Exclusions/references - Units mainly engaged in - (a) mass producing computer software are included in Class 1620 Reproduction of Recorded Media; - (b) leasing or hiring electronic computers or other data processing equipment are included in Class 6639 Other Goods and Equipment Rental and Hiring n.e.c.; - (c) computer software publishing are included in Class 5420 Software Publishing; - (d) providing data processing services or computer data storage and retrieval services are included in the appropriate classes of Group 592 Data Processing, Web Hosting and Electronic Information Storage Services; and - (e) installing computer cables are included in Class 3232 Electrical Services. **Primary Activities:** - Computer facilities management service - Computer hardware consulting service - Computer network systems design and integration service - Computer programming service - Computer software consulting service - Internet and web design consulting service - Software development (customised) service (except publishing) - Software installation service - Software simulation and testing service - Systems analysis service

The Administrative and Support Services Division includes units mainly engaged in performing routine support activities for the day-to-day operations of other businesses or organisations. Units providing administrative support services are mainly engaged in activities such as office administration; hiring and placing personnel for others; preparing documents; taking orders for clients by telephone; providing credit reporting or collecting services; arranging travel and travel tours. Units providing other types of support services are mainly engaged in activities such as building and other cleaning services; pest control services; gardening services; and packaging products for others. The activities undertaken by units in this division are often integral parts of the activities of units found in all sectors of the economy. Recent trends have moved more towards the outsourcing of such non-core activities. The units classified in this division specialise in one or more of these activities and can, therefore, provide services to a variety of clients.

The Public Administration and Safety Division includes units mainly engaged in Central, State or Local Government legislative, executive and judicial activities; in providing physical, social, economic and general public safety and security services; and in enforcing regulations. Central, State or Local Government legislative, executive and judicial activities includes: - the setting of policy; - the oversight of government programs; - collecting revenue to fund government programs; - creating statute laws and by-laws; - creating case law through the judicial processes of civil, criminal and other courts; and - distributing public funds. Also included are units of military defence, government representation and international government organisations. The provision of physical, social, economic and general public safety and security services, and enforcing regulations, includes units that provide: - police services; - investigation and security services; - fire protection and other emergency services; - correctional and detention services; - regulatory services; - border control; and - other public order and safety services. Government ownership is not a criterion for classification to this industry division. Government units producing 'private sector like' goods and services are classified to the same industry as private sector units engaged in similar activities. Private sector units engaged in public administration or military defence are classified to the Public Administration and Safety Division. Units engaged in a combination of public administration and service delivery activities should be classified according to the predominant activity of the unit. However, units engaged in a combination of public administration and service delivery activities where a predominant activity cannot be determined, should be classified to the appropriate class in the Public Administration and Safety Division.

The Education and Training Division includes units mainly engaged in the provision and support of education and training, except those engaged in the training of animals e.g. dog obedience training, horse training. Education may be provided in a range of settings, such as educational institutions, the workplace, or the home. Generally, instruction is delivered through face-to-face interaction between teachers/instructors and students, although other means and mediums of delivery, such as by correspondence, radio, television or the internet, may be used. Education and training services are provided by specialised units such as preschools, schools, technical colleges, training centres, and universities. They may be publicly owned and operated, or privately owned and operated, either for profit or not for profit. Education and training services are delivered by teachers or instructors who explain, tell or demonstrate a wide variety of subjects. The commonality of processes involved, such as the labour inputs of teachers and instructors, and their subject matter, knowledge and teaching expertise, uniquely distinguishes this industry from other industries. Classes in the 'School Education and Tertiary Education' subdivisions generally correspond to the recognised formal levels of education. Some units may offer education and training relevant to two or more classes within this division. For example, higher education and vocational training. Such units are classified according to their predominant educational activities. Education support services include a range of support services which assist in the provision of education, such as curriculum setting and examination marking.

**Exclusions/References:** - Units mainly engaged in providing chemical testing and analysis services (other than pathology services) are included in Class 6925 Scientific Testing and Analysis Services. **Primary Activities:** - Diagnostic imaging service - Medical laboratory service - Pathology laboratory service - X-ray clinic service

**Exclusions/References:** - Units mainly engaged in - (a) providing library services are included in Class 6010 Libraries and Archives; and - (b) operating retail art galleries are included in Class 4279 Other Store-Based Retailing n.e.c. **Primary Activities:** - Art gallery operation (except retail) - Art museum operation (except retail) - Historic or heritage place, site or house operation - Museum operation n.e.c. - Natural history and science museum operation - Social history museum - Transport and maritime museum operation - War memorial museum operation

The Other Services Division includes a broad range of personal services; religious, civic, professional and other interest group services; selected repair and maintenance activities; and private households employing staff. Units in this division are mainly engaged in providing a range of personal care services, such as hair, beauty, diet and weight management services; providing death care services; promoting or administering religious events or activities; or promoting and defending the interests of their members. Also included are units mainly engaged in repairing and/or maintaining equipment and machinery (except ships, boats, aircraft, or railway rolling stock) or other items (except buildings); as well as units of private households that engage in employing workers on or about the premises in activities primarily concerned with the operation of households. The Other Services Division excludes units mainly engaged in providing buildings or dwellings repair and maintenance services (included in the Construction or Administrative and Support Services Divisions as appropriate), and units mainly engaged in providing repair and maintenance services of books, ships, boats, aircraft or railway rolling stock (included in the Manufacturing Division).