8111 Basic research services in natural sciences and engineering

**Includes:** - basic research services related to heat, light, electromagnetism, astronomy, etc.

**Includes:** - basic research services related to catalyses, fermentation, physiology and biology of animals and plants, micro-organisms, etc.

**Includes:** - basic research services related to knowledge requiring one or more of the following techniques: • DNA/RNA: • Genomics, pharmacogenomics, gene probes, genetic engineering, DNA/RNA sequencing/synthesis/amplification, gene expression profiling, and the use of antisense technology • proteins and other molecules: • sequencing/synthesis/engineering of proteins and peptides (including large molecule hormones); proteomics, protein isolation and purification, signaling, identification of cell receptors • cell and tissue culture and engineering: • cell/tissue culture, tissue engineering (including disuse scaffolds and biomedical engineering), cellular fusion, vaccine/immune stimulants, embryo manipulation • process biotechnology techniques: • bioreactor fermentation, bioprocessing, bioleaching, biopulping, biosulphurization, bioremediation, biofiltration, and phytoremediation • gene and RNA vectors: • gene therapy, viral vectors • bioinformatics • nanobiotechnology

**Includes:** - basic research services related to science and technology for casting, metal, machinery, electricity, communications, vessels, aircraft, civil engineering, construction, information, etc.

**Includes:** - basic research services related to treatment of diseases, preventive hygiene, pharmacy, etc.

**Includes:** - basic research services related to agricultural techniques, fruit culture, forestry, stock breeding, fisheries, etc.

**Includes:** - basic research services related to the environment and other natural sciences not elsewhere classified