023 Languages

Language acquisition is the study of the structure and composition of languages taught as second or foreign languages (i.e. that are intended for non-native or non-fluent speakers of the language). It includes the study of related cultures, literature, linguistics and phonetics if related to the specific language being acquired and forms part of the same programme or qualification. Classical or dead languages are included here as it is assumed there are no native speakers of the language and hence the manner of teaching and the content of the curriculum are more similar to the teaching of foreign languages. Programmes and qualifications with the following main content are classified here: Classical languages Exogenous languages Foreign languages Interpretation Phonetics Second languages, for example English as a second language Sign language Sign language interpreting Translation === Inclusions: Language and linguistics studies are included here if the linguistics are related to a specific language or languages being acquired and forming part of the same programme or qualification. Translation and interpretation are included here. === Exclusions: The study of the mother tongue or first language (i.e. that are intended for native, fluent or competent speakers of the language), even if this language is not a national language of the country of study (e.g. programmes for immigrants learning their mother tongue) are excluded from this detailed field and included in detailed field 0232 'Literature and linguistics'.

Literature and linguistics is here defined as the study of language(s) intended for native, fluent or competent speakers of the language. It includes the study of related literature and linguistics and may or may not include the structure and composition of the language. Programmes and qualifications with the following main content are classified here: Creative writing First language Indigenous languages Linguistics Literature 'Mother tongue' languages Native first languages === Inclusions Languages taught as the first language ('mother tongue'), even if the language is not the national language of the country of study (e.g. programmes for immigrants in their home or first language) are included here. Local and regional languages are included here if they are first languages spoken by a significant minority in the country and are intended for at least competent speakers of the language. Study of comparative literature is included here. Study of general linguistics (not related to the study of a particular language) is included here. Study of literature in general (not combined with study of a special language) is included here. === Exclusions Language programmes are excluded from this detailed field if the language is taught as a foreign or a second language, and are then included in 0231 'Language acquisition'. Programmes in literacy and numeracy are excluded from this detailed field and included in detailed field 0021 'Literacy and numeracy'. Sign language programmes are excluded from this detailed field and included in detailed field 0231 'Language acquisition'.